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+     * [1]Home
+     * [2]News
+     * [3]Development
+     * [4]Community
+
+The GNU Modula-2 front end to GCC
+
+   [5]Prev [6]Next
+     * [7]Overview
+     * [8]Using
+     * [9]Obtaining
+     * [10]Licence
+     * [11]GNU Project
+     * [12]Contributing
+     * [13]Internals
+     * [14]EBNF
+     * [15]Libraries
+     * [16]Indices
+
+EBNF of GNU Modula-2
+
+   This chapter contains the EBNF of GNU Modula-2. This grammer currently
+   supports both PIM and ISO dialects. The rules here are automatically
+   extracted from the grammer files in GNU Modula-2 and serve to document
+   the syntax of the extensions described earlier and how they fit in with
+   the base language.
+
+   Note that the first six productions are built into the lexical analysis
+   phase.
+Ident := is a builtin and checks for an identifier
+       =:
+
+
+Integer := is a builtin and checks for an integer
+         =:
+
+
+Real := is a builtin and checks for an real constant
+      =:
+
+
+string := is a builtin and checks for an string constant
+        =:
+
+
+FileUnit := ( DefinitionModule  | ImplementationOrProgramModule  )
+
+          =:
+
+
+ProgramModule := 'MODULE' Ident [ Priority  ] ';' { Import  }
+                 Block Ident '.'
+               =:
+
+
+ImplementationModule := 'IMPLEMENTATION' 'MODULE' Ident [ Priority  ]
+                        ';' { Import  } Block Ident '.'
+                      =:
+
+
+ImplementationOrProgramModule := ImplementationModule  |
+                                 ProgramModule
+                               =:
+
+
+Number := Integer  | Real
+        =:
+
+
+Qualident := Ident { '.' Ident  }
+           =:
+
+
+ConstantDeclaration := Ident '=' ConstExpression
+                     =:
+
+
+ConstExpression := SimpleConstExpr [ Relation SimpleConstExpr  ]
+                 =:
+
+
+Relation := '='  | '#'  | '<>'  | '<'  | '<='  | '>'  | '>='  |
+            'IN'
+          =:
+
+
+SimpleConstExpr := UnaryOrConstTerm { AddOperator ConstTerm  }
+                 =:
+
+
+UnaryOrConstTerm := '+' ConstTerm  | '-' ConstTerm  |
+                    ConstTerm
+                  =:
+
+
+AddOperator := '+'  | '-'  | 'OR'
+             =:
+
+
+ConstTerm := ConstFactor { MulOperator ConstFactor  }
+           =:
+
+
+MulOperator := '*'  | '/'  | 'DIV'  | 'MOD'  | 'REM'  |
+               'AND'  | '&'
+             =:
+
+
+ConstFactor := Number  | ConstString  | ConstSetOrQualidentOrFunction  |
+               '(' ConstExpression ')'  |
+               'NOT' ConstFactor  | ConstAttribute
+             =:
+
+
+ConstString := string
+             =:
+
+
+ComponentElement := ConstExpression [ '..' ConstExpression  ]
+                  =:
+
+
+ComponentValue := ComponentElement [ 'BY' ConstExpression  ]
+                =:
+
+
+ArraySetRecordValue := ComponentValue { ',' ComponentValue  }
+                     =:
+
+
+Constructor := '{' [ ArraySetRecordValue  ] '}'
+             =:
+
+
+ConstSetOrQualidentOrFunction := Constructor  | Qualident [ Constructor  |
+                                                            ConstActualParameter
+s  ]
+                               =:
+
+
+ConstActualParameters := '(' [ ExpList  ] ')'
+                       =:
+
+
+ConstAttribute := '__ATTRIBUTE__' '__BUILTIN__' '(' '(' ConstAttributeExpression
+
+                  ')' ')'
+                =:
+
+
+ConstAttributeExpression := Ident  | '<' Qualident ',' Ident
+                            '>'
+                          =:
+
+
+Element := ConstExpression [ '..' ConstExpression  ]
+         =:
+
+
+ByteAlignment := '<*' AttributeExpression '*>'
+               =:
+
+
+OptAlignmentExpression := [ AlignmentExpression  ]
+                        =:
+
+
+AlignmentExpression := '(' ConstExpression ')'
+                     =:
+
+
+Alignment := [ ByteAlignment  ]
+           =:
+
+
+TypeDeclaration := Ident '=' Type Alignment
+                 =:
+
+
+Type := SimpleType  | ArrayType  | RecordType  | SetType  |
+        PointerType  | ProcedureType
+      =:
+
+
+SimpleType := Qualident [ SubrangeType  ]  |
+              Enumeration  | SubrangeType
+            =:
+
+
+Enumeration := '(' IdentList ')'
+             =:
+
+
+IdentList := Ident { ',' Ident  }
+           =:
+
+
+SubrangeType := '[' ConstExpression '..' ConstExpression ']'
+              =:
+
+
+ArrayType := 'ARRAY' SimpleType { ',' SimpleType  } 'OF' Type
+           =:
+
+
+RecordType := 'RECORD' [ DefaultRecordAttributes  ] FieldListSequence
+              'END'
+            =:
+
+
+DefaultRecordAttributes := '<*' AttributeExpression '*>'
+                         =:
+
+
+RecordFieldPragma := [ '<*' FieldPragmaExpression { ',' FieldPragmaExpression  }
+
+                       '*>'  ]
+                   =:
+
+
+FieldPragmaExpression := Ident [ '(' ConstExpression ')'  ]
+                       =:
+
+
+AttributeExpression := Ident '(' ConstExpression ')'
+                     =:
+
+
+FieldListSequence := FieldListStatement { ';' FieldListStatement  }
+                   =:
+
+
+FieldListStatement := [ FieldList  ]
+                    =:
+
+
+FieldList := IdentList ':' Type RecordFieldPragma  |
+             'CASE' CaseTag 'OF' Varient { '|' Varient  } [
+   'ELSE' FieldListSequence  ] 'END'
+           =:
+
+
+TagIdent := [ Ident  ]
+          =:
+
+
+CaseTag := TagIdent [ ':' Qualident  ]
+         =:
+
+
+Varient := [ VarientCaseLabelList ':' FieldListSequence  ]
+         =:
+
+
+VarientCaseLabelList := VarientCaseLabels { ',' VarientCaseLabels  }
+                      =:
+
+
+VarientCaseLabels := ConstExpression [ '..' ConstExpression  ]
+                   =:
+
+
+CaseLabelList := CaseLabels { ',' CaseLabels  }
+               =:
+
+
+CaseLabels := ConstExpression [ '..' ConstExpression  ]
+            =:
+
+
+SetType := ( 'SET'  | 'PACKEDSET'  ) 'OF' SimpleType
+         =:
+
+
+PointerType := 'POINTER' 'TO' Type
+             =:
+
+
+ProcedureType := 'PROCEDURE' [ FormalTypeList  ]
+               =:
+
+
+FormalTypeList := '(' ( ')' FormalReturn  |
+                        ProcedureParameters ')' FormalReturn  )
+                =:
+
+
+FormalReturn := [ ':' OptReturnType  ]
+              =:
+
+
+OptReturnType := '[' Qualident ']'  | Qualident
+               =:
+
+
+ProcedureParameters := ProcedureParameter { ',' ProcedureParameter  }
+                     =:
+
+
+ProcedureParameter := '...'  | 'VAR' FormalType  |
+                      FormalType
+                    =:
+
+
+VarIdent := Ident [ '[' ConstExpression ']'  ]
+          =:
+
+
+VariableDeclaration := VarIdentList ':' Type Alignment
+                     =:
+
+
+VarIdentList := VarIdent { ',' VarIdent  }
+              =:
+
+
+Designator := Qualident { SubDesignator  }
+            =:
+
+
+SubDesignator := '.' Ident  | '[' ExpList ']'  |
+                 '^'
+               =:
+
+
+ExpList := Expression { ',' Expression  }
+         =:
+
+
+Expression := SimpleExpression [ Relation SimpleExpression  ]
+            =:
+
+
+SimpleExpression := [ '+'  | '-'  ] Term { AddOperator Term  }
+                  =:
+
+
+Term := Factor { MulOperator Factor  }
+      =:
+
+
+Factor := Number  | string  | SetOrDesignatorOrFunction  |
+          '(' Expression ')'  | 'NOT' Factor  |
+          ConstAttribute
+        =:
+
+
+SetOrDesignatorOrFunction := ( Qualident [ Constructor  |
+                                           SimpleDes [ ActualParameters  ]  ]  |
+
+                               Constructor  )
+                           =:
+
+
+SimpleDes := { '.' Ident  | '[' ExpList ']'  |
+                '^'  }
+           =:
+
+
+ActualParameters := '(' [ ExpList  ] ')'
+                  =:
+
+
+Statement := [ AssignmentOrProcedureCall  |
+               IfStatement  | CaseStatement  |
+               WhileStatement  | RepeatStatement  |
+               LoopStatement  | ForStatement  |
+               WithStatement  | AsmStatement  |
+               'EXIT'  | 'RETURN' [ Expression  ]  |
+               RetryStatement  ]
+           =:
+
+
+RetryStatement := 'RETRY'
+                =:
+
+
+AssignmentOrProcedureCall := Designator ( ':=' Expression  |
+                                          ActualParameters  |
+                                           )
+                           =:
+
+
+StatementSequence := Statement { ';' Statement  }
+                   =:
+
+
+IfStatement := 'IF' Expression 'THEN' StatementSequence { 'ELSIF'
+                                                           Expression
+                                                           'THEN'
+                                                           StatementSequence  }
+               [ 'ELSE' StatementSequence  ] 'END'
+             =:
+
+
+CaseStatement := 'CASE' Expression 'OF' Case { '|' Case  }
+                 [ 'ELSE' StatementSequence  ] 'END'
+               =:
+
+
+Case := [ CaseLabelList ':' StatementSequence  ]
+      =:
+
+
+WhileStatement := 'WHILE' Expression 'DO' StatementSequence 'END'
+                =:
+
+
+RepeatStatement := 'REPEAT' StatementSequence 'UNTIL' Expression
+                 =:
+
+
+ForStatement := 'FOR' Ident ':=' Expression 'TO' Expression [
+   'BY' ConstExpression  ] 'DO' StatementSequence 'END'
+              =:
+
+
+LoopStatement := 'LOOP' StatementSequence 'END'
+               =:
+
+
+WithStatement := 'WITH' Designator 'DO' StatementSequence 'END'
+               =:
+
+
+ProcedureDeclaration := ProcedureHeading ';' ( ProcedureBlock
+                                               Ident  )
+                      =:
+
+
+DefineBuiltinProcedure := [ '__ATTRIBUTE__' '__BUILTIN__' '('
+                            '(' Ident ')' ')'  |
+                            '__INLINE__'  ]
+                        =:
+
+
+ProcedureHeading := 'PROCEDURE' DefineBuiltinProcedure ( Ident
+                                                         [ FormalParameters  ]
+)
+                  =:
+
+
+Builtin := [ '__BUILTIN__'  | '__INLINE__'  ]
+         =:
+
+
+DefProcedureHeading := 'PROCEDURE' Builtin ( Ident [ DefFormalParameters  ]  )
+                     =:
+
+
+ProcedureBlock := { Declaration  } [ 'BEGIN' BlockBody  ] 'END'
+                =:
+
+
+Block := { Declaration  } InitialBlock FinalBlock 'END'
+       =:
+
+
+InitialBlock := [ 'BEGIN' BlockBody  ]
+              =:
+
+
+FinalBlock := [ 'FINALLY' BlockBody  ]
+            =:
+
+
+BlockBody := NormalPart [ 'EXCEPT' ExceptionalPart  ]
+           =:
+
+
+NormalPart := StatementSequence
+            =:
+
+
+ExceptionalPart := StatementSequence
+                 =:
+
+
+Declaration := 'CONST' { ConstantDeclaration ';'  }  |
+               'TYPE' { TypeDeclaration ';'  }  |
+               'VAR' { VariableDeclaration ';'  }  |
+               ProcedureDeclaration ';'  |
+               ModuleDeclaration ';'
+             =:
+
+
+DefFormalParameters := '(' [ DefMultiFPSection  ] ')' FormalReturn
+                     =:
+
+
+DefMultiFPSection := DefExtendedFP  | FPSection [ ';' DefMultiFPSection  ]
+                   =:
+
+
+FormalParameters := '(' [ MultiFPSection  ] ')' FormalReturn
+                  =:
+
+
+MultiFPSection := ExtendedFP  | FPSection [ ';' MultiFPSection  ]
+                =:
+
+
+FPSection := NonVarFPSection  | VarFPSection
+           =:
+
+
+DefExtendedFP := DefOptArg  | '...'
+               =:
+
+
+ExtendedFP := OptArg  | '...'
+            =:
+
+
+VarFPSection := 'VAR' IdentList ':' FormalType
+              =:
+
+
+NonVarFPSection := IdentList ':' FormalType
+                 =:
+
+
+OptArg := '[' Ident ':' FormalType [ '=' ConstExpression  ] ']'
+        =:
+
+
+DefOptArg := '[' Ident ':' FormalType '=' ConstExpression ']'
+           =:
+
+
+FormalType := { 'ARRAY' 'OF'  } Qualident
+            =:
+
+
+ModuleDeclaration := 'MODULE' Ident [ Priority  ] ';' { Import
+                                                          }
+                     [ Export  ] Block Ident
+                   =:
+
+
+Priority := '[' ConstExpression ']'
+          =:
+
+
+Export := 'EXPORT' ( 'QUALIFIED' IdentList  |
+                     'UNQUALIFIED' IdentList  |
+                     IdentList  ) ';'
+        =:
+
+
+Import := 'FROM' Ident 'IMPORT' IdentList ';'  |
+          'IMPORT' IdentList ';'
+        =:
+
+
+DefinitionModule := 'DEFINITION' 'MODULE' [ 'FOR' string  ] Ident
+                    ';' { Import  } [ Export  ] { Definition  }
+                    'END' Ident '.'
+                  =:
+
+
+Definition := 'CONST' { ConstantDeclaration ';'  }  |
+              'TYPE' { Ident ( ';'  | '=' Type Alignment ';'  )  }  |
+              'VAR' { VariableDeclaration ';'  }  |
+              DefProcedureHeading ';'
+            =:
+
+
+AsmStatement := 'ASM' [ 'VOLATILE'  ] '(' AsmOperands ')'
+              =:
+
+
+NamedOperand := '[' Ident ']'
+              =:
+
+
+AsmOperandName := [ NamedOperand  ]
+                =:
+
+
+AsmOperands := string [ ':' AsmList [ ':' AsmList [ ':' TrashList  ]  ]  ]
+             =:
+
+
+AsmList := [ AsmElement  ] { ',' AsmElement  }
+         =:
+
+
+AsmElement := AsmOperandName string '(' Expression ')'
+            =:
+
+
+TrashList := [ string  ] { ',' string  }
+           =:
+
+References
+
+   1. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/homepage.html
+   2. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/news.html
+   3. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/development.html
+   4. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/community.html
+   5. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/internals.html
+   6. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/libraries.html
+   7. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/overview.html
+   8. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/using.html
+   9. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/obtaining.html
+  10. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/licence.html
+  11. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/gnu_project.html
+  12. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/contributing.html
+  13. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/internals.html
+  14. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/ebnf.html
+  15. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/libraries.html
+  16. https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/indices.html