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#[1]OpenGenus IQ: Computing Expertise & Legacy
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List of C Compilers (As early as 1973 and with the latest one at 2017)
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There are over 50 compilers for C like ICC by Intel to GNU GCC by GNU
Project. The focus of having multiple compilers is to optimize the
compiled C code for specific hardware and software environments. This
has lead to a vast number of compilers but some have been abandoned in
the path.
Some compilers were developed in 1970s (PCCM by Bell Labs) while the
recent ones are from 2017 (AOCC by AMD).
Some compilers like LabWindows are used by a specific and small group
of developers. At the same time, there are compilers like GNU GCC and
ICC that are widely used till date.
Following is the ultimate list of C compilers that found some users:
Compiler Release Developer In Wide Use Users
[23]pccm 1973 Bell Labs No General
[24]BSD C 1979 Zolman No BSD Unix
Aztec C 1980 Manx Software Systems No DOS
[25]ACK 1980 Tanenbaum, Jacobs Yes NetBSD
[26]Lattice C 1982 Steve Krueger No DOS
[27]MPW 1986 Apple No Early Mac
[28]GCC 1987 GNU Project Yes General
[29]Turbo C 1987 Turbo No Turbo IDE
[30]Megamax C 1988 Megamax, Inc No Atari + Mac
Acorn C 1988 Acorn Yes RISC OS
[31]LabWindows 1989 National Instruments Yes NIC
QuickC 1990 Microsoft No DOS
[32]Oracle C 1991 Oracle Yes Oracle Developer Studio
[33]MinGW 1993 Peters Yes Windows
[34]MSVC 1993 Microsoft Yes Visual IDE
CodeWarrior 1993 Metrowerks No Motorola 68K
[35]LCC 1994 Dave Hanson, Chris Fraser No MathWorks
[36]cc65 1999 Bassewitz Yes Old 6502 systems
[37]Open64 2002 Open64 dev Yes Itanium, x86-64
[38]ICC 2003 Intel Yes Intel Systems
[39]Watcom C 2003 Watcom Yes General + Novell
PathScale 2003 PathScale No MIPS
[40]FPGA C 2005 Bass Yes FPGA
[41]TCC 2005 Fabrice Bellard Yes Various libraries
[42]CLang 2007 LLVM Developers Yes General
[43]XL C 2007 IBM No IBM systems
[44]HP-C 2012 HP No HP systems
[45]AOCC 2017 AMD Yes AMD systems
Beyond this, there are several other compilers that were not used by a
significant number of users and originated from several sources like:
* University research projects
* Backed by companies but failed to get users
* Experimental projects by a small group of developers
Why did some compilers go out of use?
One notable example is PCCM. It was widely used at a time as a general
compiler but with the entry of better compilers like GCC, users moved
from it.
Sometimes, backing companies are dissolved which results in downfall of
the compilers like PathScale. Another example is CodeWarrior compiler
which was mainly for Motorolla devices and due to its closure, this
compiler went out of use.
For some the focus area went out of use. QuickC by Microsoft was for
DOS and as Microsoft went on to develop better Operating System, they
abandoned QuickC and developed better compilers for the new Operating
Systems.
Why we need multiple compilers?
We need multiple compilers because:
* Instruction set that is optimized for a particular hardware systerm
varies.
* Operating systems plays to significant role in execution.
Hence, a compiler can be optimized for:
* a particular Hardware system
* a particular Operating System
* Particular system load like distributed, real time and others.
For example: ICC by Intel is optimized for Intel Systems while AOCC is
optimized for AMD systems. Other compilers like GCC focuses on general
optimizations for hardware features which are fairly standard.
ACK compiler which came out in 1980 was optimised for OpenBSD operating
system. Similarly, other compilers focus on different operating
systems.
With this, you have a good idea of how compilers evolved over the years
and how the focus of each compiler differ.
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#if directive in C / C++
#if is a preprocessor directive in C to define conditional compilation.
It can be used just like an if condition statement which impacts the
compilation process
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List of C Compilers (As early as 1973 and with the latest one at 2017)
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