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diff --git a/libfetch/fetch.3 b/libfetch/fetch.3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b9d955 --- /dev/null +++ b/libfetch/fetch.3 @@ -0,0 +1,781 @@ +.\"- +.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2004 Dag-Erling Coïdan Smørgrav +.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Joerg Sonnenberger <joerg@NetBSD.org> +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" $FreeBSD: fetch.3,v 1.64 2007/12/18 11:03:26 des Exp $ +.\" $NetBSD: fetch.3,v 1.15 2010/01/22 13:56:45 wiz Exp $ +.\" +.Dd January 22, 2010 +.Dt FETCH 3 +.Os +.Sh NAME +.Nm fetchMakeURL , +.Nm fetchParseURL , +.Nm fetchCopyURL , +.Nm fetchFreeURL , +.Nm fetchXGetURL , +.Nm fetchGetURL , +.Nm fetchPutURL , +.Nm fetchStatURL , +.Nm fetchListURL , +.Nm fetchXGet , +.Nm fetchGet , +.Nm fetchPut , +.Nm fetchStat , +.Nm fetchList , +.Nm fetchXGetFile , +.Nm fetchGetFile , +.Nm fetchPutFile , +.Nm fetchStatFile , +.Nm fetchListFile , +.Nm fetchXGetHTTP , +.Nm fetchGetHTTP , +.Nm fetchPutHTTP , +.Nm fetchStatHTTP , +.Nm fetchListHTTP , +.Nm fetchXGetFTP , +.Nm fetchGetFTP , +.Nm fetchPutFTP , +.Nm fetchStatFTP , +.Nm fetchListFTP +.Nm fetchInitURLList , +.Nm fetchFreeURLList , +.Nm fetchUnquotePath , +.Nm fetchUnquoteFilename , +.Nm fetchStringifyURL , +.Nm fetchConnectionCacheInit , +.Nm fetchConnectionCacheClose , +.Nm fetch +.Nd file transfer functions +.Sh LIBRARY +.Lb libfetch +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.In stdio.h +.In fetch.h +.Ft struct url * +.Fn fetchMakeURL "const char *scheme" "const char *host" "int port" "const char *doc" "const char *user" "const char *pwd" +.Ft struct url * +.Fn fetchParseURL "const char *URL" +.Ft struct url * +.Fn fetchCopyURL "const struct url *u" +.Ft void +.Fn fetchFreeURL "struct url *u" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchXGetURL "const char *URL" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchGetURL "const char *URL" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchPutURL "const char *URL" "const char *flags" +.Ft int +.Fn fetchStatURL "const char *URL" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags" +.Ft int +.Fn fetchListURL "struct url_list *list" "const char *URL" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchXGet "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchGet "struct url *u" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchPut "struct url *u" "const char *flags" +.Ft int +.Fn fetchStat "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags" +.Ft int +.Fn fetchList "struct url_list *list" "struct url *u" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchXGetFile "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchGetFile "struct url *u" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchPutFile "struct url *u" "const char *flags" +.Ft int +.Fn fetchStatFile "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags" +.Ft int +.Fn fetchListFile "struct url_list *list" "struct url *u" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchXGetHTTP "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchGetHTTP "struct url *u" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchPutHTTP "struct url *u" "const char *flags" +.Ft int +.Fn fetchStatHTTP "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags" +.Ft int +.Fn fetchListHTTP "struct url_list *list" "struct url *u" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchXGetFTP "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchGetFTP "struct url *u" "const char *flags" +.Ft fetchIO * +.Fn fetchPutFTP "struct url *u" "const char *flags" +.Ft int +.Fn fetchStatFTP "struct url *u" "struct url_stat *us" "const char *flags" +.Ft int +.Fn fetchListFTP "struct url_list *list" "struct url *u" "const char *flags" +.Ft void +.Fn fetchInitURLList "struct url_list *ul" +.Ft int +.Fn fetchAppendURLList "struct url_list *dst" "const struct url_list *src" +.Ft void +.Fn fetchFreeURLList "struct url_list *ul" +.Ft char * +.Fn fetchUnquotePath "struct url *u" +.Ft char * +.Fn fetchUnquoteFilename "struct url *u" +.Ft char * +.Fn fetchStringifyURL "const struct url *u" +.Ft void +.Fn fetchConnectionCacheInit "int global" "int per_host" +.Ft void +.Fn fetchConnectionCacheClose "void" +.Sh DESCRIPTION +These functions implement a high-level library for retrieving and +uploading files using Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). +.Pp +.Fn fetchParseURL +takes a URL in the form of a null-terminated string and splits it into +its components function according to the Common Internet Scheme Syntax +detailed in RFC 1738. +A regular expression which produces this syntax is: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +\*[Lt]scheme\*[Gt]:(//(\*[Lt]user\*[Gt](:\*[Lt]pwd\*[Gt])?@)?\*[Lt]host\*[Gt](:\*[Lt]port\*[Gt])?)?/(\*[Lt]document\*[Gt])? +.Ed +.Pp +If the URL does not seem to begin with a scheme name, it is assumed to be a local path. +Only absolute path names are accepted. +.Pp +Note that some components of the URL are not necessarily relevant to +all URL schemes. +For instance, the file scheme only needs the +.Aq scheme +and +.Aq document +components. +.Fn fetchParseURL +quotes any unsafe character in the URL automatically. +This is not done by +.Fn fetchMakeURL . +.Fn fetchCopyURL +copies an existing +.Vt url +structure. +.Pp +.Fn fetchMakeURL , +.Fn fetchParseURL , +and +.Fn fetchCopyURL +return a pointer to a +.Vt url +structure, which is defined as follows in +.In fetch.h : +.Bd -literal +#define URL_SCHEMELEN 16 +#define URL_USERLEN 256 +#define URL_PWDLEN 256 +#define URL_HOSTLEN 255 + +struct url { + char scheme[URL_SCHEMELEN + 1]; + char user[URL_USERLEN + 1]; + char pwd[URL_PWDLEN + 1]; + char host[URL_HOSTLEN + 1]; + int port; + char *doc; + off_t offset; + size_t length; + time_t last_modified; +}; +.Ed +.Pp +The pointer returned by +.Fn fetchMakeURL , +.Fn fetchCopyURL , +and +.Fn fetchParseURL +should be freed using +.Fn fetchFreeURL . +The size of +.Vt struct URL +is not part of the ABI. +.Pp +.Fn fetchXGetURL , +.Fn fetchGetURL , +and +.Fn fetchPutURL +constitute the recommended interface to the +.Nm fetch +library. +They examine the URL passed to them to determine the transfer +method, and call the appropriate lower-level functions to perform the +actual transfer. +.Fn fetchXGetURL +also returns the remote document's metadata in the +.Vt url_stat +structure pointed to by the +.Fa us +argument. +.Pp +The +.Fa flags +argument is a string of characters which specify transfer options. +The +meaning of the individual flags is scheme-dependent, and is detailed +in the appropriate section below. +.Pp +.Fn fetchStatURL +attempts to obtain the requested document's metadata and fill in the +structure pointed to by its second argument. +The +.Vt url_stat +structure is defined as follows in +.In fetch.h : +.Bd -literal +struct url_stat { + off_t size; + time_t atime; + time_t mtime; +}; +.Ed +.Pp +If the size could not be obtained from the server, the +.Fa size +field is set to \-1. +If the modification time could not be obtained from the server, the +.Fa mtime +field is set to the epoch. +If the access time could not be obtained from the server, the +.Fa atime +field is set to the modification time. +.Pp +.Fn fetchListURL +attempts to list the contents of the directory pointed to by the URL provided. +The pattern can be a simple glob-like expression as hint. +Callers should not depend on the server to filter names. +If successful, it appends the list of entries to the +.Vt url_list +structure. +The +.Vt url_list +structure is defined as follows in +.In fetch.h : +.Bd -literal +struct url_list { + size_t length; + size_t alloc_size; + struct url *urls; +}; +.Ed +.Pp +The list should be initialized by calling +.Fn fetchInitURLList +and the entries be freed by calling +.Fn fetchFreeURLList . +The function +.Fn fetchAppendURLList +can be used to append one URL lists to another. +If the +.Ql c +(cache result) flag is specified, the library is allowed to internally +cache the result. +.Pp +.Fn fetchStringifyURL +returns the URL as string. +.Fn fetchUnquotePath +returns the path name part of the URL with any quoting undone. +Query arguments and fragment identifiers are not included. +.Fn fetchUnquoteFilename +returns the last component of the path name as returned by +.Fn fetchUnquotePath . +.Fn fetchStringifyURL , +.Fn fetchUnquotePath , +and +.Fn fetchUnquoteFilename +return a string that should be deallocated with +.Fn free +after use. +.Pp +.Fn fetchConnectionCacheInit +enables the connection cache. +The first argument specifies the global limit on cached connections. +The second argument specifies the host limit. +Entries are considered to specify the same host, if the host name +from the URL is identical, indepent of the address or address family. +.Fn fetchConnectionCacheClose +flushed the connection cache and closes all cached connections. +.Pp +.Fn fetchXGet , +.Fn fetchGet , +.Fn fetchPut , +and +.Fn fetchStat +are similar to +.Fn fetchXGetURL , +.Fn fetchGetURL , +.Fn fetchPutURL , +and +.Fn fetchStatURL , +except that they expect a pre-parsed URL in the form of a pointer to +a +.Vt struct url +rather than a string. +.Pp +All of the +.Fn fetchXGetXXX , +.Fn fetchGetXXX , +and +.Fn fetchPutXXX +functions return a pointer to a stream which can be used to read or +write data from or to the requested document, respectively. +Note that +although the implementation details of the individual access methods +vary, it can generally be assumed that a stream returned by one of the +.Fn fetchXGetXXX +or +.Fn fetchGetXXX +functions is read-only, and that a stream returned by one of the +.Fn fetchPutXXX +functions is write-only. +.Sh PROTOCOL INDEPENDENT FLAGS +If the +.Ql i +(if-modified-since) flag is specified, the library will try to fetch +the content only if it is newer than +.Va last_modified . +For HTTP an +.Li If-Modified-Since +HTTP header is sent. +For FTP a +.Li MTDM +command is sent first and compared locally. +For FILE the source file is compared. +.Sh FILE SCHEME +.Fn fetchXGetFile , +.Fn fetchGetFile , +and +.Fn fetchPutFile +provide access to documents which are files in a locally mounted file +system. +Only the +.Aq document +component of the URL is used. +.Pp +.Fn fetchXGetFile +and +.Fn fetchGetFile +do not accept any flags. +.Pp +.Fn fetchPutFile +accepts the +.Ql a +(append to file) flag. +If that flag is specified, the data written to +the stream returned by +.Fn fetchPutFile +will be appended to the previous contents of the file, instead of +replacing them. +.Sh FTP SCHEME +.Fn fetchXGetFTP , +.Fn fetchGetFTP , +and +.Fn fetchPutFTP +implement the FTP protocol as described in RFC 959. +.Pp +By default +.Nm libfetch +will attempt to use passive mode first and only fallback to active mode +if the server reports a syntax error. +If the +.Ql a +(active) flag is specified, a passive connection is not tried and active mode +is used directly. +.Pp +If the +.Ql l +(low) flag is specified, data sockets will be allocated in the low (or +default) port range instead of the high port range (see +.Xr ip 4 ) . +.Pp +If the +.Ql d +(direct) flag is specified, +.Fn fetchXGetFTP , +.Fn fetchGetFTP , +and +.Fn fetchPutFTP +will use a direct connection even if a proxy server is defined. +.Pp +If no user name or password is given, the +.Nm fetch +library will attempt an anonymous login, with user name "anonymous" +and password "anonymous@\*[Lt]hostname\*[Gt]". +.Sh HTTP SCHEME +The +.Fn fetchXGetHTTP , +.Fn fetchGetHTTP , +and +.Fn fetchPutHTTP +functions implement the HTTP/1.1 protocol. +With a little luck, there is +even a chance that they comply with RFC 2616 and RFC 2617. +.Pp +If the +.Ql d +(direct) flag is specified, +.Fn fetchXGetHTTP , +.Fn fetchGetHTTP , +and +.Fn fetchPutHTTP +will use a direct connection even if a proxy server is defined. +.Pp +Since there seems to be no good way of implementing the HTTP PUT +method in a manner consistent with the rest of the +.Nm fetch +library, +.Fn fetchPutHTTP +is currently unimplemented. +.Sh AUTHENTICATION +Apart from setting the appropriate environment variables and +specifying the user name and password in the URL or the +.Vt struct url , +the calling program has the option of defining an authentication +function with the following prototype: +.Pp +.Ft int +.Fn myAuthMethod "struct url *u" +.Pp +The callback function should fill in the +.Fa user +and +.Fa pwd +fields in the provided +.Vt struct url +and return 0 on success, or any other value to indicate failure. +.Pp +To register the authentication callback, simply set +.Va fetchAuthMethod +to point at it. +The callback will be used whenever a site requires authentication and +the appropriate environment variables are not set. +.Pp +This interface is experimental and may be subject to change. +.Sh RETURN VALUES +.Fn fetchParseURL +returns a pointer to a +.Vt struct url +containing the individual components of the URL. +If it is +unable to allocate memory, or the URL is syntactically incorrect, +.Fn fetchParseURL +returns a +.Dv NULL +pointer. +.Pp +The +.Fn fetchStat +functions return 0 on success and \-1 on failure. +.Pp +All other functions return a stream pointer which may be used to +access the requested document, or +.Dv NULL +if an error occurred. +.Pp +The following error codes are defined in +.In fetch.h : +.Bl -tag -width 18n +.It Bq Er FETCH_ABORT +Operation aborted +.It Bq Er FETCH_AUTH +Authentication failed +.It Bq Er FETCH_DOWN +Service unavailable +.It Bq Er FETCH_EXISTS +File exists +.It Bq Er FETCH_FULL +File system full +.It Bq Er FETCH_INFO +Informational response +.It Bq Er FETCH_MEMORY +Insufficient memory +.It Bq Er FETCH_MOVED +File has moved +.It Bq Er FETCH_NETWORK +Network error +.It Bq Er FETCH_OK +No error +.It Bq Er FETCH_PROTO +Protocol error +.It Bq Er FETCH_RESOLV +Resolver error +.It Bq Er FETCH_SERVER +Server error +.It Bq Er FETCH_TEMP +Temporary error +.It Bq Er FETCH_TIMEOUT +Operation timed out +.It Bq Er FETCH_UNAVAIL +File is not available +.It Bq Er FETCH_UNKNOWN +Unknown error +.It Bq Er FETCH_URL +Invalid URL +.El +.Pp +The accompanying error message includes a protocol-specific error code +and message, e.g.\& "File is not available (404 Not Found)" +.Sh ENVIRONMENT +.Bl -tag -width ".Ev FETCH_BIND_ADDRESS" +.It Ev FETCH_BIND_ADDRESS +Specifies a host name or IP address to which sockets used for outgoing +connections will be bound. +.It Ev FTP_LOGIN +Default FTP login if none was provided in the URL. +.It Ev FTP_PASSIVE_MODE +If set to anything but +.Ql no , +forces the FTP code to use passive mode. +.It Ev FTP_PASSWORD +Default FTP password if the remote server requests one and none was +provided in the URL. +.It Ev FTP_PROXY +URL of the proxy to use for FTP requests. +The document part is ignored. +FTP and HTTP proxies are supported; if no scheme is specified, FTP is +assumed. +If the proxy is an FTP proxy, +.Nm libfetch +will send +.Ql user@host +as user name to the proxy, where +.Ql user +is the real user name, and +.Ql host +is the name of the FTP server. +.Pp +If this variable is set to an empty string, no proxy will be used for +FTP requests, even if the +.Ev HTTP_PROXY +variable is set. +.It Ev ftp_proxy +Same as +.Ev FTP_PROXY , +for compatibility. +.It Ev HTTP_AUTH +Specifies HTTP authorization parameters as a colon-separated list of +items. +The first and second item are the authorization scheme and realm +respectively; further items are scheme-dependent. +Currently, only basic authorization is supported. +.Pp +Basic authorization requires two parameters: the user name and +password, in that order. +.Pp +This variable is only used if the server requires authorization and +no user name or password was specified in the URL. +.It Ev HTTP_PROXY +URL of the proxy to use for HTTP requests. +The document part is ignored. +Only HTTP proxies are supported for HTTP requests. +If no port number is specified, the default is 3128. +.Pp +Note that this proxy will also be used for FTP documents, unless the +.Ev FTP_PROXY +variable is set. +.It Ev http_proxy +Same as +.Ev HTTP_PROXY , +for compatibility. +.It Ev HTTP_PROXY_AUTH +Specifies authorization parameters for the HTTP proxy in the same +format as the +.Ev HTTP_AUTH +variable. +.Pp +This variable is used if and only if connected to an HTTP proxy, and +is ignored if a user and/or a password were specified in the proxy +URL. +.It Ev HTTP_REFERER +Specifies the referrer URL to use for HTTP requests. +If set to +.Dq auto , +the document URL will be used as referrer URL. +.It Ev HTTP_USER_AGENT +Specifies the User-Agent string to use for HTTP requests. +This can be useful when working with HTTP origin or proxy servers that +differentiate between user agents. +.It Ev NETRC +Specifies a file to use instead of +.Pa ~/.netrc +to look up login names and passwords for FTP sites. +See +.Xr ftp 1 +for a description of the file format. +This feature is experimental. +.It Ev NO_PROXY +Either a single asterisk, which disables the use of proxies +altogether, or a comma- or whitespace-separated list of hosts for +which proxies should not be used. +.It Ev no_proxy +Same as +.Ev NO_PROXY , +for compatibility. +.El +.Sh EXAMPLES +To access a proxy server on +.Pa proxy.example.com +port 8080, set the +.Ev HTTP_PROXY +environment variable in a manner similar to this: +.Pp +.Dl HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:8080 +.Pp +If the proxy server requires authentication, there are +two options available for passing the authentication data. +The first method is by using the proxy URL: +.Pp +.Dl HTTP_PROXY=http://\*[Lt]user\*[Gt]:\*[Lt]pwd\*[Gt]@proxy.example.com:8080 +.Pp +The second method is by using the +.Ev HTTP_PROXY_AUTH +environment variable: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:8080 +HTTP_PROXY_AUTH=basic:*:\*[Lt]user\*[Gt]:\*[Lt]pwd\*[Gt] +.Ed +.Pp +To disable the use of a proxy for an HTTP server running on the local +host, define +.Ev NO_PROXY +as follows: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1 +.Ed +.Sh SEE ALSO +.\" .Xr fetch 1 , +.\" .Xr ftpio 3 , +.Xr ftp 1 , +.Xr ip 4 +.Rs +.%A J. Postel +.%A J. K. Reynolds +.%D October 1985 +.%B File Transfer Protocol +.%O RFC 959 +.Re +.Rs +.%A P. Deutsch +.%A A. Emtage +.%A A. Marine +.%D May 1994 +.%T How to Use Anonymous FTP +.%O RFC 1635 +.Re +.Rs +.%A T. Berners-Lee +.%A L. Masinter +.%A M. McCahill +.%D December 1994 +.%T Uniform Resource Locators (URL) +.%O RFC 1738 +.Re +.Rs +.%A R. Fielding +.%A J. Gettys +.%A J. Mogul +.%A H. Frystyk +.%A L. Masinter +.%A P. Leach +.%A T. Berners-Lee +.%D January 1999 +.%B Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 +.%O RFC 2616 +.Re +.Rs +.%A J. Franks +.%A P. Hallam-Baker +.%A J. Hostetler +.%A S. Lawrence +.%A P. Leach +.%A A. Luotonen +.%A L. Stewart +.%D June 1999 +.%B HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication +.%O RFC 2617 +.Re +.Sh HISTORY +The +.Nm fetch +library first appeared in +.Fx 3.0 . +.Sh AUTHORS +.An -nosplit +The +.Nm fetch +library was mostly written by +.An Dag-Erling Sm\(/orgrav Aq des@FreeBSD.org +with numerous suggestions from +.An Jordan K. Hubbard Aq jkh@FreeBSD.org , +.An Eugene Skepner Aq eu@qub.com +and other +.Fx +developers. +It replaces the older +.Nm ftpio +library written by +.An Poul-Henning Kamp Aq phk@FreeBSD.org +and +.An Jordan K. Hubbard Aq jkh@FreeBSD.org . +.Pp +This manual page was written by +.An Dag-Erling Sm\(/orgrav Aq des@FreeBSD.org . +.Sh BUGS +Some parts of the library are not yet implemented. +The most notable +examples of this are +.Fn fetchPutHTTP +and FTP proxy support. +.Pp +There is no way to select a proxy at run-time other than setting the +.Ev HTTP_PROXY +or +.Ev FTP_PROXY +environment variables as appropriate. +.Pp +.Nm libfetch +does not understand or obey 305 (Use Proxy) replies. +.Pp +Error numbers are unique only within a certain context; the error +codes used for FTP and HTTP overlap, as do those used for resolver and +system errors. +For instance, error code 202 means "Command not +implemented, superfluous at this site" in an FTP context and +"Accepted" in an HTTP context. +.Pp +.Fn fetchStatFTP +does not check that the result of an MDTM command is a valid date. +.Pp +The man page is incomplete, poorly written and produces badly +formatted text. +.Pp +The error reporting mechanism is unsatisfactory. +.Pp +Some parts of the code are not fully reentrant. |