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| author | Andreas Baumann <abaumann@yahoo.com> | 2008-12-21 12:13:55 +0100 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Andreas Baumann <abaumann@yahoo.com> | 2008-12-21 12:13:55 +0100 |
| commit | 738edc361f66cb8fc48a47563a2f12a60c087f76 (patch) | |
| tree | ea53b47b7e6bcd7063bbc5cc02afbf7dcef0d28a /docs/makefiles | |
| parent | cd63c8db79eb28f47bbdbfcc9bbf3118de2079fc (diff) | |
| download | wolfbones-738edc361f66cb8fc48a47563a2f12a60c087f76.tar.gz wolfbones-738edc361f66cb8fc48a47563a2f12a60c087f76.tar.bz2 | |
renamed doc to docs to avoid stupid makefiles to fail (even with .PHONY)
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/makefiles')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/makefiles/README | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/makefiles/makedepend.html | 1771 |
2 files changed, 1776 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/makefiles/README b/docs/makefiles/README new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64ce754 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/makefiles/README @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +http://make.paulandlesley.org/multi-arch.html +http://mattmccutchen.net/buildsys/index.html +http://cdrecord.berlios.de/private/makefiles.html +http://www.xs4all.nl/~evbergen/nonrecursive-make.html +http://miller.emu.id.au/pmiller/books/rmch/ diff --git a/docs/makefiles/makedepend.html b/docs/makefiles/makedepend.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5b2e77 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/makefiles/makedepend.html @@ -0,0 +1,1771 @@ +<html><head><!-- Title: gatekeeper --><!--SiteCatalyst code version: G.7. Copyright 1997-2004 Omniture, Inc.
+More info available at http://www.omniture.com
+--> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<script language="JavaScript"> +<!-- +var s_pageName=""; +var s_server=""; +var s_channel=""; +var s_pageType=""; +var s_prop1=""; +var s_prop2=""; +var s_prop3=" | 184406479 | Dependency Management"; +var s_prop4="Dependency Management"; +var s_prop5="Portal | Architecture & Design"; +var s_prop6=""; +var s_prop7="John Graham-Cumming"; +var s_prop8="217.162.109.174 | Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.8.1.12) Gecko/20080211 Firefox/2.0.0.12"; +var s_prop9=""; +var s_prop10=""; +var s_prop11=""; +var s_prop12=""; +var s_prop13="http://www.ddj.com/linux-open-source/dhandler.jhtml"; +var s_prop14=""; +var s_prop15=""; +var s_prop16=""; + +/* E-commerce Variables */ +var s_campaign=""; +var s_state=""; +var s_zip=""; +var s_events="event5"; +var s_products=""; +var s_purchaseID=""; +var s_eVar1=""; +var s_eVar2=""; +var s_eVar3=""; +var s_eVar4=""; +var s_eVar5=""; +//--> +</script><title>Dr. Dobb's | Dependency Management | April 1, 2006</title> + + + <meta name="description" content="John explores the irony of Make."> + <meta name="keywords" content="john,explores,irony,make"> + <meta name="headline" content="Dependency Management"> + <meta name="created" content=""> + + +<link rel="Stylesheet" rev="Stylesheet" href="makedepend_files/Layout.css" type="text/css"> +<link rel="Stylesheet" rev="Stylesheet" href="makedepend_files/FontStyles.css" type="text/css"> +<link rel="Stylesheet" rev="Stylesheet" href="makedepend_files/newarticle.css" type="text/css"> +<script src="makedepend_files/popwindow.js"></script> +<script language="javascript"> +<!-- +function jobsopen(){ + document.getElementById("jobscontainer").style.height = ''; 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MyWeb" onclick="addto(7)"><u>Y! MyWeb</u></span><br> + <img src="makedepend_files/redsquare.gif" align="absmiddle" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="15"><span class="add2ddj" title="Add this page to Blink" onclick="addto(1)"><u>Blink</u></span><br> + <img src="makedepend_files/redsquare.gif" align="absmiddle" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="15"><span class="add2ddj" title="Add this page to Furl" onclick="addto(4)"><u>Furl</u></span> + </td> + </tr> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + </tbody></table> + <div class="Bspace4"> + <em>April 01, 2006</em><br> + + <h5>Dependency Management</h5> + <h2>The irony of Make</h2> + </div> + + + + + + + <div class="Bspace15"><em>John Graham-Cumming</em></div> + + + + + + + + + <!-- teaser --> + <div class="Bspace15"><span class="greenBlurb">John explores the irony of Make.</span></div> + <!-- end teaser --> + + + + +<p> +<i>John is vice president of engineering at Electric Cloud, which +focuses on reducing software build times. He can be contacted at +jgc@electric-cloud.com.</i> +</p><p> +</p><hr> +<p> + +</p><p> + +</p><p> + +</p><p> +Make giveth and Make taketh away. It's ironic that the tool Make, +designed to solve the "I've changed some source now what do I need to +recompile?" problem, creates dependency nightmares.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +Any project larger than a "Hello World" example faces dependency +management problems. Dependencies must be generated and kept up to date +as you add to, modify, and delete from the project. And Make itself +provides no tools for dealing with this problem—all Make provides is a +mechanism for expressing the relationships between <a itxtdid="4050710" target="_blank" href="#" style="border-bottom: medium none; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; padding-bottom: 0px; color: darkblue; background-color: transparent; cursor: pointer;" classname="iAs" class="iAs"><nobr>files<img style="border: 0pt none ; margin: 0pt; padding: 0pt; height: 10px; width: 10px; position: relative; top: 1px; left: 1px; float: none; display: inline;" src="makedepend_files/3.gif"></nobr></a> with its familiar<i> target : prerequisite1 prerequisite2... </i>syntax.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +The target of the rule (the file that will be built) appears before the +colon (:) and the files that the target depends upon (called either the +"dependencies" or "prerequisites") appears after the colon (:). For +example:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +foo.o : foo.c header.h<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +has target <i>foo.o</i> and prerequisites <i>foo.c</i> and <i>header.h</i>.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +Even Make's dependency syntax is flawed because it incorporates both +"foo.o must be updated if header.h or foo.c are changed" and "foo.o is +the result of compiling foo.c". Thus, anything to the right of the ":" +is a prerequisite, but the first prerequisite where there's a rule body +(that is, commands) is special—it's the prerequisite that's passed to +the compiler (or other command) to actually generate the target. </p> +<p> + +</p><p> +Look at this GNU Make example (I use GNU Make throughout this article +because of its wide platform coverage and large set of features): </p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +foo.o: foo.c header.h system.h<br> + @echo Compiling $@ from $<...<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +which outputs:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +Compiling foo.o from foo.c...<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +Here, <i>foo.o</i> is built if <i>foo.c</i>, <i>header.h</i>, or <i>system.h</i> change, but the rule also states that <i>foo.o</i> is made from <i>foo.c</i> (in GNU Make terms, the target of the rule to the left side of the ":" is written <i>$@</i> and the first prerequisite is <i>$<</i>). If the example were written like this:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +foo.o: foo.c<br> +foo.o: header.h system.h<br> + @echo Compiling $@ from $<...<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +the output would be:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +Compiling foo.o from header.h...<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +which is clearly wrong. If you want to continue exploring Make's idiosyncrasies with <i>$<</i>, play around with this Makefile:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +foo.o: header.h<br> +foo.o: system.h<br> +foo.o: foo.c<br> +foo.o:<br> + @echo Compiling $@ from $<...<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +and try permuting the first three lines to see how Make's interpretation of the Makefile changes.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +The biggest problem of all is generating these rules for a large +project. In the rest of this article, I use this contrived example +Makefile as a starting point:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +.PHONY: all<br> + all: foo.o bar.o baz.o<br> +<br> + foo.o: foo.c foo.h common.h header.h<br> + bar.o: bar.c bar.h common.h header.h ba.h<br> + baz.o: baz.c baz.h common.h header.h ba.h<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +Three object files (foo.o, bar.o, and baz.o) are built from +corresponding C files (foo.c, bar.c, and baz.c). Each .o file has +dependencies on various header files as expressed in the Makefile. The +Makefile uses GNU Make's built-in rules to perform compilation using +the system's compiler.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +There's no mention here of the final executable being built because I +concentrate on dealing with dependencies between sources and objects. +Relationships between objects are usually easier to maintain by hand as +there are fewer of them and the relationships are part of the product +design.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +Because maintaining any real Makefile by hand is impossible, many +projects use the widely available makedepend program (makedepend is +usually installed on UNIX and CYGWIN systems). makedepend reads C and +C++ files looking at the <i>#include </i>statements, follows the <i>#include</i>s, and builds the dependency lines for you. A basic way of incorporating makedepend in a project is a special <i>depend</i> target:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +.PHONY: all<br> + all: foo.o bar.o baz.o<br> +<br> + SRCS = foo.c bar.c baz.c<br> +<br> + DEPENDS = dependencies.mk<br> + .PHONY: depend<br> + depend:<br> + @makedepend -f - $(SRCS) > $(DEPENDS)<br> + -include $(DEPENDS)<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +Doing <i>makedepend </i>with this Makefile causes the depend rule to execute, which runs makedepend on the sources (defined in the <i>SRCS</i> variable) and outputs the dependency lines to dependencies.mk (defined by the <i>DEPENDS</i> variable).</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +The Makefile includes the dependencies lines in its final line. dependencies.mk looks like this:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +# DO NOT DELETE<br> +<br> +foo.o: foo.h header.h common.h<br> +bar.o: bar.h header.h common.h ba.h<br> +baz.o: baz.h header.h common.h ba.h<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +Notice that makedepend doesn't try to define the relationship between +an object file (for example, foo.o) and the source file it is made from +(foo.c). In this case, GNU Make's standard rules automatically find the +related .c file. There are two problems with the makedepend<i> </i>style: </p> +<p> + +</p><p> +</p><ul> + <li>Running makedepend can be slow, as every source file has to be searched even if there are no changes.</li> + <li>It's a manual step. Before every make, users have to do <i>makedepend</i> to ensure that the dependencies are correct. </li> +</ul> +<p> + +</p><p> + +</p><p> +The answer to these problems is automation. Here's a version of the +Makefile that still uses makedepend to generate dependencies, but +automates the process, and only runs makedepend for sources that have +changed: </p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +.PHONY: all<br> + all: foo.o bar.o baz.o<br> + SRCS = foo.c bar.c baz.c<br> + %.d : %.c<br> + @makedepend -f - $< | sed 's,\($*\.o\)[ :]*,\1<br> + $@ : ,g' > $@<br> + -include $(SRCS:.c=.d)<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +It works by associating a .d file with each .c; for example, foo.o has +a foo.d file that only contains the dependency line for foo.o. Here are +foo.d's contents:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +# DO NOT DELETE<br> +foo.o foo.d : foo.h header.h common.h<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +This line specifies when to rebuild foo.o, but also that foo.d should +be rebuilt under the same conditions—if any of the sources associated +with foo.o change, then foo.d gets rebuilt. foo.c isn't mentioned in +this list because it's mentioned as part of the pattern rule for +rebuilding a .d file (<i>%.d : %.c</i> +means that foo.d gets rebuilt if foo.c itself changes). foo.d got added +to the dependency line created by makedepend using the aforementioned <i>sed</i> magic.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +The final line of the Makefile includes all the .d files: The <i>$(SRCS:.c=.d)</i> macro transforms the list of sources in the <i>SRCS</i> variable by changing the extension from .c to .d. The <i>include</i> +also tells GNU Make to check to see if the .d files need rebuilding. +GNU Make looks to see if there are rules to rebuild included Makefiles +(in this case, the .d files), rebuilds them if necessary (following the +dependencies specified in the Makefile), then restarts. This "Makefile +remaking" feature (see section 3.7 "How Makefiles Are Remade" in the +FSF's GNU Make manual; +http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_mono/make.html#SEC20) +means that simply typing "make" will rebuild any dependency files that +need rebuilding—but only if the sources have changed. Then, GNU Make +will perform the build, taking into account the new dependencies.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +Unfortunately, this Makefile breaks with a fatal error if a header file +is removed. If header.h is no longer needed and all references to it +are removed from the .c files and the file is removed from disk, this +error occurs when Make is run:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +No rule to make target 'header.h', <br> + needed by 'foo.d'.<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +This happens because header.h is still mentioned in foo.d as being a +prerequisite of foo.d; hence, foo.d cannot be rebuilt. This Catch-22 +can be fixed by making the generation of foo.d smarter. The new foo.d +includes the dependencies for foo.o and foo.d separately. foo.d's +dependencies are wrapped in a call to GNU Make's <i>$(wildcard)</i> +function (see section 4.4.3 "The Function Wildcard" in the FSF's GNU +Make manual; http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_mono/make +.html#SEC33). Here's the new foo.d:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +# DO NOT DELETE<br> +foo.d : <br> + $(wildcard foo.h header.h common.h)<br> +foo.o : foo.h header.h common.h<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +And here's the updated Makefile with a new invocation of <i>makedepend</i>, followed by a <i>sed</i> line that creates the modified .d file:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +.PHONY: all<br> + all: foo.o bar.o baz.o<br> + SRCS = foo.c bar.c baz.c<br> + %.d : %.c<br> + @makedepend -f - $< | sed 's,<br> + \($*\.o\)[ :]*\(.*\),<br> + $@ : $$\(wildcard \2\)\n\1 : \2,g' > $@<br> + -include $(SRCS:.c=.d)<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +Now removing a header file doesn't break the Make: When foo.d is parsed, the dependency line for foo.d is passed through <i>$(wildcard)</i>. When there are no globbing symbols such as "*" or "?" in the filename, <i>$(wildcard) </i>acts +as an existence filter, removing those files that don't exist from the +list. So, if header.h had been removed, the first line of foo.d would +be equivalent to: </p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +foo.d : foo.h common.h<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +and the Make would work correctly. This example Makefile now works when .c files are added (users just update <i>SRCS</i> and the new .d file is created automatically), when .c files are removed (users update <i>SRCS</i> +and the old .d file is ignored), and when headers are added (because +that requires touching an existing .c or .h, the .d file is +regenerated). And when they are removed, the <i>$(wildcard) </i>hides the deletion and the .d file is regenerated.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +An optimization is to remove the need for GNU Make to restart by +merging the rule that makes the .d file into the rule that makes the .o +file. Because the .d file is updated if (and only if) the .o file needs +to be updated (both are updated when any of the sources for the .o +change), it's possible to have the <i>makedepend</i> occur at the same time as the compilation:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +.PHONY: all<br> + all: foo.o bar.o baz.o<br> + SRCS = foo.c bar.c baz.c<br> + %.o : %.c<br> + @makedepend -f - $< | <br> + sed 's,\($*\.o\)[ :]*\(.*\),<br> + $@ : $$\(wildcard \2\)\n\1 : \2,g' > $*.d<br> + @$(COMPILE.c) -o $@ $<<br> + -include $(SRCS:.c=.d)<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +This rule makes use of <i>$*</i>, another GNU Make variable. <i>$*</i> is the part of the pattern <i>%.c</i> that matches the %. If this rule is building foo.o from foo.c, then <i>$*</i> is just <i>foo</i>. <i>$*</i> +is used to create the name of the .d file that makedepend writes to. +This final version does not use GNU Make's "Makefile remaking" system. +There are no rules for making .d files (they are made as a side effect +of making the .o); hence, GNU Make does not have to restart, providing +the best combination of accuracy and speed possible.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +In general, it's a bad idea to have a rule that makes multiple files +because it's impossible for GNU Make to find the rule that makes a file +if it's created as a side effect of something else. In this case, that +behavior is desired: You want to hide the creation of .d files from GNU +Make so that it doesn't try to make them and then have to restart. A +similar idea was proposed by Tom Tromey, without the <i>$(wildcard) </i>trick, +and more information about building dependency files can be found on +the GNU Make maintainer Paul Smith's web site at +http://make.paulandlesley.org/autodep.html. Another good resource for +any GNU Make developer—once you've purchased the FSF's GNU Make +manual—is Robert Mecklenburg's <i>Managing Projects with GNU Make </i>(O'Reilly & Associates, 2004). </p> +<p> + +</p><p> +Finally, it's possible to omit makedepend altogether if you are using the GNU GCC compiler. It has a <i>-MD</i> option that does the work of makedepend at the same time as the compilation:</p> +<p> +</p><blockquote> +.PHONY: all<br> + all: foo.o bar.o baz.o<br> + SRCS = foo.c bar.c baz.c<br> + %.o : %.c<br> + @$(COMPILE.c) -MD -o $@ $<<br> + @sed -i 's,\($*\.o\)[ :]*\(.*\),<br> + $@ : $$\(wildcard<br> + \2\)\n\1 : \2,g' $*.d<br> + -include $(SRCS:.c=.d)<br> +<p> +</p></blockquote> +<p> + +</p><p> +For example, the compilation step for foo.o will create foo.d from foo.c and then <i>sed</i> is run on the foo.d to add the extra line for foo.d containing the <i>$(wildcard)</i>.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +The use of GCC <i>-MD</i> is an example of creating +dependencies without using makedepend. There are a number of other +possibilities. For example, GCC has <i>-M </i>and <i>-MM</i> options that just output dependency information (<i>-M</i> outputs all dependencies and <i>-MM</i> omits the system headers because they are unlikely to change).</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +Another option is the program fastdep +(http://www.irule.be/bvh/c++/fastdep/), which aims to be a fast +replacement for makedepend. Finally, Windows programmers can use +Microsoft CL's <i>/showincludes </i>option to get include information and build dependency information.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +All of these solutions share some common problems. They only work well +for C and C++ code and need to be modified to handle other languages +(although luckily, not all languages have the same dependency forests +as C and C++). In addition, the files included might change as the +result of preprocessor defines; hence, makedepend (or an equivalent +program) needs to be told about any command line <i>-D</i> defines so that it builds the right dependency information.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> +Despite the problems outlined here, these Makefile snippets do provide +a reliable way of keeping C and C++ dependencies up to date +automatically and quickly.</p> +<p> + +</p><p> + +<b>DDJ</b></p> +<p> + +</p><p> + +</p><div class="Bspace15"> + <em><a href="http://www.ddj.com/authors/authorInfo.jhtml;jsessionid=4CBKBE5CTME2YQSNDLOSKH0CJUNN2JVN?authorID="><strong></strong></a> <a href="mailto:"><strong></strong></a></em> + </div> + + + <center> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + </center> + + + + +<!-- ARTICLE COMMENTS--> +<!--
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+</div> --> + + +<!----------------------SEARCH JOBS BOX-----------------> + +<div id="jobscontainer" style="overflow: hidden; height: 41px; width: 402px;"> + +<form method="post" action="http://www.TechCareers.com/js/action/searchresults.asp?affiliate=ddj&_DARGS=/template_parts/dept/right/right.jhtml" id="form1" name="form1"> + +<input name="FOrderBy" value="modifydate[d]" type="hidden"> +<div id="TechCareersBox"> +<div id="SponsorBar" style="background-color: teal;"> +<span class="miniBARTitles">DR. DOBB'S CAREER CENTER</span> + + + + <!-- http://as.cmpnet.com/html.ng/pagepos=careers1&affiliate=ddj&site=sdmg&country=switzerland&server=atg&target=/linux-open-source/184406479 --> +<a target="_parent" href="http://as.cmpnet.com/event.ng/Type=click&FlightID=75640&AdID=125688&TargetID=2878&Segments=3108,3448,4875,11102&Targets=2625,2878&Values=34,46,51,63,77,87,91,102,140,442,656,944,945,975,1311,1339,1603,1716,1765,1767,1785,1925,1970,2179,2299,2310,2326,2352,2678,2735,2761,2767,2862,2942,3052,3082,3392,3890,3904,4080,4377,4799,6193,6293,6332,6392,6393,6422&RawValues=IP,66.77.24.210,&Redirect=http://www.cmp.com"><img src="makedepend_files/iopsblank.gif" alt="" border="0" height="1" width="1"></a><img src="makedepend_files/TypecountClientType2AdID125688FlightID75640TargetID2878S_003.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1"> + + +</div> +<div style="padding: 5px 0px 5px 5px; width: 100%;"> +Ready to take that job and shove it? <span style="text-decoration: underline;" class="pointerhand" onclick="jobsopen()">open</span> | <span style="text-decoration: underline;" class="pointerhand" onclick="jobsclose()">close</span><br> +</div> +</div> +<table bgcolor="#000000" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" width="100%"> + + <tbody><tr bgcolor="#ffffff"> + <td colspan="2" class="noLINE" bgcolor="#cde5e8" valign="top"> <b>Search jobs on</b> <a class="thirteenBOLD" href="http://www.techcareers.com/?affiliate=ddj">Dr. Dobb's TechCareers</a></td> + </tr> + <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"> + <td valign="top" width="50%"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> + <tbody><tr> + <td valign="top"> + + <div><strong>Function:</strong><br> <select name="FCareerFocus1" size="1"> + <option value="23">Information Technology</option> + <option value="25">Engineering</option> + </select></div> + <br> + <div><strong>Keyword(s):</strong><br> + <input name="FKeywords" size="25"></div> + <br> + <div><b>State:</b> <input name="FState" size="8" maxlength="2"> <input value="Go" id="submit1" name="submit1" align="right" type="submit"></div> + </td> + + </tr> + </tbody></table> + + </td> + <td class="noLINE" valign="top" width="50%"> + <!------------------FEATURED JOB-----------------> + +<li><a href="http://www.techcareers.com/JS/Form/SignUpForm.asp?affiliate=ddj">Post Your Resume</a> +</li><li><a href="http://www.techcareers.com/MKT/Content/EMP/Default.asp?affiliate=ddj">Employers Area</a> +</li><li><a href="http://www.techcareers.com/content/news.asp?affiliate=ddj">News & Features</a> +</li><li><a href="http://www.techcareers.com/content/forum.asp?affiliate=ddj">Blogs & Forums</a> +</li><li><a href="http://www.techcareers.com/JS/CareerResources/?affiliate=ddj">Career Resources</a> +<br><br> +<b>Browse By:</b> <br> + <a href="http://www.techcareers.com/JS/JobSearch/?affiliate=ddj">Location</a> | <a href="http://www.techcareers.com/JS/JobSearch/?affiliate=ddj">Employer</a> | <a href="http://www.techcareers.com/JS/JobSearch/?affiliate=ddj">City</a><br> + + + + + <!-- http://as.cmpnet.com/html.ng/pagepos=careers2&affiliate=ddj&site=sdmg&country=switzerland&server=atg&target=/linux-open-source/184406479 --> +<a target="_parent" href="http://as.cmpnet.com/event.ng/Type=click&FlightID=75634&AdID=125682&TargetID=2625&Segments=3108,3448,4875,11103&Targets=2625,2878&Values=34,46,51,63,77,87,91,102,140,442,656,944,945,975,1311,1339,1603,1716,1765,1767,1785,1925,1970,2179,2299,2310,2326,2352,2678,2735,2761,2767,2862,2942,3052,3082,3392,3890,3904,4080,4378,4799,6193,6293,6332,6392,6393,6422&RawValues=IP,66.77.24.210,&Redirect=http://www.cmp.com"><img src="makedepend_files/iopsblank.gif" alt="" border="0" height="1" width="1"></a><img src="makedepend_files/TypecountClientType2AdID125682FlightID75634TargetID2625S_002.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1"> + + + </li></td> + </tr> + + <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"> + <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#cde5e8" valign="top"><b>Most Recent Posts:</b></td> + </tr> + <tr bgcolor="#ffffff"> + <td colspan="2" class="noLINE" valign="top"> + <!-- <script language=javascript
+src=http://www.4jobs.com/common/partnership/jobs/display.asp?max=4&col=1&par=http://www.techcareers.com&slo=N&vj=N&des=y&ran=Y&i1=23&aor=OR&loc=Y&ind=N&sal=N&comp=Y&bc=FFFFFF&bg=FFFFFF&jbc=FFFFFF&jbg=FFFFFF&pad=5&wid=&tar=n&qsn1=affiliate&qsv1=ddj&date=Y></script> --> +<!-- <script language="javascript" src="http://www.dobbsprojects.com/prox/tcrss.js"></script> --> +<script language="javascript" src="makedepend_files/tcrss.js"></script><a href="http://www.techcareers.com/JS/General/Job.asp?id=15331393&affiliate=ddj">Software Sales Specialist</a><br>Hewlett Packard seeking Software Sales Specialist in San Francisco, CA<br><br><a href="http://www.techcareers.com/JS/General/Job.asp?id=16147525&affiliate=ddj">Programmer / System Analyst</a><br>American First CU seeking Programmer / System Analyst in La Habra, CA<br><br><a href="http://www.techcareers.com/JS/General/Job.asp?id=16181149&affiliate=ddj">Senior Engineer</a><br>Mine Safety Appliances seeking Senior Engineer in Cranberry Twp, PA<br><br><a href="http://www.techcareers.com/JS/General/Job.asp?id=14466217&affiliate=ddj">Sr Staff Circuit Designer</a><br>Xilinx seeking Sr Staff Circuit Designer in San Jose, CA<br><br><a href="http://www.techcareers.com/JS/General/Job.asp?id=15501072&affiliate=ddj">Senior Embedded Applications Software Developer</a><br>SigmaTel seeking Senior Embedded Applications Software Developer in Austin, TX<br><br></td> + </tr> +</tbody></table> +</form> +</div> +<div class="Bspace15"></div> +<!----------------------END SEARCH JOBS BOX-----------------> +<br> +<!-- VIDEO BOX --> + + +<!-- END VIDEO BOX --> + +<br> + +<div align="center"> + + + + <!-- http://as.cmpnet.com/html.ng/pagepos=jumbobox&affiliate=ddj&site=sdmg&country=switzerland&server=atg&target=/linux-open-source/184406479 --> +<a target="_parent" href="http://as.cmpnet.com/event.ng/Type=click&FlightID=107968&AdID=182668&TargetID=3885&Segments=3108,3448,4569,4669,4827,4875,5385,5472,6879,6939,7714,10554,14042,14113&Targets=2625,2878,3885,4532,10200&Values=34,46,51,63,77,87,91,102,140,290,442,656,944,945,975,1311,1603,1716,1765,1767,1785,1925,1970,2179,2299,2310,2326,2352,2678,2735,2761,2767,2862,2942,3052,3082,3392,3890,3904,4080,4799,6193,6293,6332,6392,6393,6422&RawValues=IP,66.77.24.210,&Redirect=http://www.eetimes.semiconductor.com%3Fcid%3DSDW"><img src="makedepend_files/ips_ostd1_336x280_ddj.gif" alt="" border="0" height="280" width="336"></a><img src="makedepend_files/TypecountClientType2AdID182668FlightID107968TargetID3885Site.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1"> + + </div> + <br> + + + + <table> + <tbody><tr> + <td valign="top"> + + + <!-- <img src="http://i.cmpnet.com/ddj/rule.gif" width="180" height="1" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0" alt=""> --> + <!-- INFO LINK--> + + +<table border="0" width="100"> + <tbody><tr> + <td valign="top"><!-- MICROSITES --> + <div id="ArticlerightcolBox"> + <div id="TOCBAR"><span class="BARTitles">MICROSITES</span></div> + <div class="PaddingStyle2"> + <span class="blogName">FEATURED TOPIC</span> + + + + + <!-- http://as.cmpnet.com/html.ng/pagepos=microsite1&affiliate=ddj&site=sdmg&country=switzerland&server=atg&target=/linux-open-source/184406479 --> +<a target="_parent" href="http://as.cmpnet.com/event.ng/Type=click&FlightID=110126&AdID=182335&TargetID=8824&Segments=3108,3448,4875,12454&Targets=2625,2878,8824&Values=34,46,51,63,77,87,91,102,140,442,656,944,945,975,1311,1603,1716,1765,1767,1785,1925,1970,2179,2299,2310,2326,2352,2678,2735,2761,2767,2862,2942,3052,3082,3392,3890,3904,4080,4799,5161,6193,6293,6332,6392,6393,6422&RawValues=IP,66.77.24.210,&Redirect=http://www.ddj.com/focal/msoffice-oba"><img src="makedepend_files/125x125_411_PDQ.gif" alt="" border="0" height="125" width="125"></a><img src="makedepend_files/TypecountClientType2AdID182335FlightID110126TargetID8824Site.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1"> + + + <br><br> + <span class="blogName">ADDITIONAL TOPICS</span> + + + + + <!-- http://as.cmpnet.com/html.ng/pagepos=microsite2&affiliate=ddj&site=sdmg&country=switzerland&server=atg&target=/linux-open-source/184406479 --> +<a target="_blank" href="http://as.cmpnet.com/event.ng/Type=click&FlightID=110127&AdID=182336&TargetID=8823&Segments=3108,3448,4875,12455&Targets=2625,2878,8823&Values=34,46,51,63,77,87,91,102,140,442,656,944,945,975,1311,1603,1716,1765,1767,1785,1925,1970,2179,2299,2310,2326,2352,2678,2735,2761,2767,2862,2942,3052,3082,3392,3890,3904,4080,4799,5162,6193,6293,6332,6392,6393,6422&RawValues=&Redirect=http://www.ddj.com/focal/msoffice-oba">"Get the 411 on OBA PDQ! Learn to build and deploy Microsoft Office Business Applications"</a><img src="makedepend_files/TypecountClientType2AdID182336FlightID110127TargetID8823Site.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1"> + + + + + + + <!-- http://as.cmpnet.com/html.ng/pagepos=microsite3&affiliate=ddj&site=sdmg&country=switzerland&server=atg&target=/linux-open-source/184406479 --> +<a target="_blank" href="http://as.cmpnet.com/event.ng/Type=click&FlightID=110421&AdID=182683&TargetID=8825&Segments=3108,3448,4875,12456&Targets=2625,2878,8825&Values=34,46,51,63,77,87,91,102,140,442,656,944,945,975,1311,1603,1716,1765,1767,1785,1925,1970,2179,2299,2310,2326,2352,2678,2735,2761,2767,2862,2942,3052,3082,3392,3890,3904,4080,4799,5163,6193,6293,6332,6392,6393,6422&RawValues=&Redirect=http://www.ddjresources.com/silverlight/">Are you a Windows programmer? Get the direct route to design interactive environments. Learn Silverlight here.</a><img src="makedepend_files/TypecountClientType2AdID182683FlightID110421TargetID8825Site.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1"> + + + </div> + </div> + <!-- END MICROSITES --></td> + <td valign="top"><!-- INFO LINK--> + <div id="ArticlerightcolBox"> +<span class="blogName">INFO-LINK</span> + <div class="Bspace5"> + + + + + <!-- http://as.cmpnet.com/html.ng/pagepos=infolink1&affiliate=ddj&site=sdmg&country=switzerland&server=atg&target=/linux-open-source/184406479 --> +<a target="_blank" href="http://as.cmpnet.com/event.ng/Type=click&FlightID=110048&AdID=182227&TargetID=4845&Segments=3108,3448,4875,6084,6088,6876,8025,8050,9374&Targets=2625,2878,4845,4855&Values=34,46,51,63,77,87,91,102,140,442,656,944,945,975,1311,1603,1716,1765,1767,1785,1925,1970,2179,2299,2310,2326,2352,2678,2735,2761,2767,2862,2942,3052,3082,3183,3392,3890,3904,4080,4799,6193,6293,6332,6392,6393,6422&RawValues=&Redirect=http://www.ddj.com/focal/msoffice-oba">Learn how to build OBAs using the Microsoft Office system.</a><img src="makedepend_files/TypecountClientType2AdID182227FlightID110048TargetID4845Site.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1"> + + </div> + <div class="Bspace5"> + + + + + <!-- http://as.cmpnet.com/html.ng/pagepos=infolink2&affiliate=ddj&site=sdmg&country=switzerland&server=atg&target=/linux-open-source/184406479 --> +<a target="_blank" href="http://as.cmpnet.com/event.ng/Type=click&FlightID=110414&AdID=182665&TargetID=4921&Segments=3108,3448,4875,6085,6097,8026,8051&Targets=2625,2878,7437,4921&Values=34,46,51,63,77,87,91,102,140,442,656,944,945,975,1311,1603,1716,1765,1767,1785,1925,1970,2179,2299,2310,2326,2352,2678,2735,2761,2767,2862,2942,3052,3082,3184,3392,3890,3904,4080,4799,6193,6293,6332,6392,6393,6422&RawValues=&Redirect=http://www.dobbsprojects.com/lcap/microsoft1/?method=text">Learn about the benefits of Protocol Licensing: Download this free Whitepaper from Microsoft</a><img src="makedepend_files/TypecountClientType2AdID182665FlightID110414TargetID4921Site.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1"> + + </div> + <div class="Bspace5"> + + + + + <!-- http://as.cmpnet.com/html.ng/pagepos=infolink3&affiliate=ddj&site=sdmg&country=switzerland&server=atg&target=/linux-open-source/184406479 --> +<a target="_blank" href="http://as.cmpnet.com/event.ng/Type=click&FlightID=112205&AdID=185099&TargetID=5776&Segments=3108,3448,4875,6089,8027,8052,8088&Targets=2625,2878,5776&Values=34,46,51,63,77,87,91,102,140,442,656,944,945,975,1311,1603,1716,1765,1767,1785,1925,1970,2179,2299,2310,2326,2352,2678,2735,2761,2767,2862,2942,3052,3082,3185,3392,3890,3904,4080,4799,6193,6293,6332,6392,6393,6422&RawValues=&Redirect=http://w.on24.com/r.htm?e=102904&s=1&k=EE435A18D1C8A918764935B406A34FE9&partnerref=4SD">Register Today for Microsoft's Silverlight Webinar Series</a><img src="makedepend_files/TypecountClientType2AdID185099FlightID112205TargetID5776Site.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1"> + + </div> + <div class="Bspace5"> + + + + + <!-- http://as.cmpnet.com/html.ng/pagepos=infolink4&affiliate=ddj&site=sdmg&country=switzerland&server=atg&target=/linux-open-source/184406479 --> +<a target="_blank" href="http://as.cmpnet.com/event.ng/Type=click&FlightID=112620&AdID=185513&TargetID=5775&Segments=3108,3448,4875,6090,8028,8053,8089&Targets=2625,2878,5775&Values=34,46,51,63,77,87,91,102,140,442,656,944,945,975,1311,1603,1716,1765,1767,1785,1925,1970,2179,2299,2310,2326,2352,2678,2735,2761,2767,2862,2942,3052,3082,3186,3392,3890,3904,4080,4799,6193,6293,6332,6392,6393,6422&RawValues=&Redirect=http://www.dobbsprojects.com/lcap/recursion2/?method=text">Free Whitepaper: Building a real-time C++ robotics framework using Recursion's C++ Toolkit. Download Now!</a><img src="makedepend_files/TypecountClientType2AdID185513FlightID112620TargetID5775Site.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1"> + + </div> +</div> + <br></td> + </tr> +</tbody></table> +<br> +<div align="center"> + + + + <!-- http://as.cmpnet.com/html.ng/pagepos=sec2&affiliate=ddj&site=sdmg&country=switzerland&server=atg&target=/linux-open-source/184406479 --> +<a target="_parent" href="http://as.cmpnet.com/event.ng/Type=click&FlightID=107504&AdID=179387&TargetID=10444&Segments=3108,3448,4875,14374&Targets=2625,2878,10444&Values=34,46,51,63,77,87,91,102,140,442,656,944,945,975,1311,1603,1716,1765,1767,1785,1925,1970,2179,2299,2310,2326,2352,2678,2735,2761,2767,2862,2942,3052,3082,3380,3392,3890,3904,4080,4799,6193,6293,6332,6392,6393,6422&RawValues=IP,66.77.24.210,&Redirect=http://www.ddjresources.com/silverlight"><img src="makedepend_files/silverlight_center_imu2dec.gif" alt="" border="0" height="280" width="336"></a><img src="makedepend_files/TypecountClientType2AdID179387FlightID107504TargetID10444Sit.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1"> + + </div> + <br> + + + </td> + + <td valign="top"> + <!-- MICROSITES --> + <!-- <DIV id="ArticlerightcolBox">
+ <div id="TOCBAR"><span class="BARTitles">MICROSITES</span></div>
+ <DIV class="PaddingStyle2">
+ <span class="blogName">FEATURED TOPIC</span>
+ <droplet src="/viewAd.jhtml">
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+ <br /><br />
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+ <param name="pagepos" value="microsite2">
+ </droplet>
+ <droplet src="/viewAd.jhtml">
+ <param name="pagepos" value="microsite3">
+ </droplet>
+ </div>
+ </div> --> + <!-- END MICROSITES --> + <br> + + <!--
+<div align="center"><droplet src="/viewAd.jhtml">
+ <param name="pagepos" value="jumbobox">
+ </droplet></div>
+ <br> --> + <!-- <droplet src="/viewAd.jhtml">
+ <param name="pagepos" value="testdrive">
+ </droplet> --> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="2"> + <!-- Industry Brains --> + <script type="text/javascript" src="makedepend_files/jsct.js"></script><table style="border: 1px solid rgb(197, 174, 80); width: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-collapse: collapse;" xmlns:ibn="urn:industrybrains.com:linkserver" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 4px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: left; background-color: rgb(249, 248, 247);" colspan="2"> MARKETPLACE (Sponsored Links) </td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 3px;"></td><td style="border: 0px solid rgb(24, 77, 49); padding: 3px;"><div><a style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(64, 64, 255);" target="_new" href="http://links.industrybrains.com/click?sid=644&rqctid=134&pos=1&lid=458815&cid=101147&pr=2&tstamp=20080311173820&url=http://www.techexcel.com/products/servicesuite/servicewise.html%3futm_source%3dindustrybrains%26utm_medium%3dcpc%26utm_content%3dServiceWise%26utm_campaign%3dITILinfo">Workflow Enabled Help Desk & IT Service Management</a></div><div style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Automate service desk activities and integrate processes across IT. Learn more here.</div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 3px;"></td><td style="border: 0px solid rgb(24, 77, 49); padding: 3px;"><div><a style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(64, 64, 255);" target="_new" href="http://links.industrybrains.com/click?sid=644&rqctid=134&pos=2&lid=484014&cid=135265&pr=2&tstamp=20080311173820&url=http://clk.atdmt.com/MRT/go/ndstritp0450006421mrt/direct/01/">Download MICROSOFT SEARCH SERVER EXPRESS 2008 FREE</a></div><div style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Search file shares, SharePoint sites, Exchange Public Folders, Lotus Notes repositories, and more!</div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 3px;"></td><td style="border: 0px solid rgb(24, 77, 49); padding: 3px;"><div><a style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(64, 64, 255);" target="_new" href="http://links.industrybrains.com/click?sid=644&rqctid=134&pos=3&lid=458552&cid=108071&pr=2&tstamp=20080311173820&url=http://www.windev.com/index%3fp%3dCMPWinDev">WinDev 11 - Powerful IDE</a></div><div style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Develop 10 times faster ! ALM, IDE, .Net, RAD, 5GL, Database, 5GL, 64-bit, etc. Free Express version</div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 3px;"></td><td style="border: 0px solid rgb(24, 77, 49); padding: 3px;"><div><a style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(64, 64, 255);" target="_new" href="http://links.industrybrains.com/click?sid=644&rqctid=134&pos=4&lid=457884&cid=6237&pr=2&tstamp=20080311173820&url=http://www.sgvsarc.com/adv_default.asp%3fsrcid%3dAutoD">Flowcharts from C/C++ code -- Free trial download</a></div><div style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Understand C/C++ code in less time. A new team member ? Inherited legacy code ? Get up to speed fast... </div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 3px;"></td><td style="border: 0px solid rgb(24, 77, 49); padding: 3px;"><div><a style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(64, 64, 255);" target="_new" href="http://links.industrybrains.com/click?sid=644&rqctid=134&pos=5&lid=457902&cid=2193&pr=2&tstamp=20080311173820&url=http://www.visualbuild.com/%3fcmp">Automate Software Builds with Visual Build Pro</a></div><div style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Easily create an automated, repeatable process for building and deploying software.</div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0.2em; font-family: 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