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diff --git a/docs/stackoverflow.com_questions_27941775_what-is-the-minimum-amount-of-ram-required-to-run-linux-kernel-on-an-embedded-de.txt b/docs/stackoverflow.com_questions_27941775_what-is-the-minimum-amount-of-ram-required-to-run-linux-kernel-on-an-embedded-de.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f4dd31 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/stackoverflow.com_questions_27941775_what-is-the-minimum-amount-of-ram-required-to-run-linux-kernel-on-an-embedded-de.txt @@ -0,0 +1,668 @@ + #[1]Stack Overflow [2]Feed for question 'What is the minimum amount of + RAM required to run Linux kernel on an Embedded device?' + + [3]Stack Overflow + 1. [4]About + 2. [5]Products + 3. [6]For Teams + + 1. [7]Stack Overflow Public questions & answers + 2. [8]Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share + private knowledge with coworkers + 3. [9]Talent Build your employer brand + 4. [10]Advertising Reach developers & technologists worldwide + 5. 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Create free Team + +Collectives(TM) on Stack Overflow + + Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the + technologies you use most. + [31]Learn more about Collectives + + Teams + + Q&A for work + + Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured + and easy to search. + [32]Learn more about Teams + + Get early access and see previews of new features. + [33]Learn more about Labs + +[34]What is the minimum amount of RAM required to run Linux kernel on an +Embedded device? + + [35]Ask Question + Asked 9 years ago + Modified [36]12 months ago + Viewed 23k times + (BUTTON) + 14 + (BUTTON) (BUTTON) + + What is the minimum amount of RAM required to run Linux kernel on an + Embedded device? In Linux-0.11 for 80x86, the minimum RAM required was + 2MB to load the kernel data structures and interrupt vectors. + + How much is the minimum needed RAM for present Linux-3.18 kernel? Does + different architectures like x86 and ARM have different requirements + for minimum RAM required for booting? How does one calculates the same? + * [37]linux-kernel + * [38]embedded + * [39]kernel + * [40]linux-device-driver + * [41]embedded-linux + + [42]Share + [43]Improve this question + (BUTTON) Follow + asked Jan 14, 2015 at 11:24 + manav m-n's user avatar + [44]manav m-nmanav m-n + 11.2k2323 gold badges7575 silver badges9898 bronze badges + 5 + * What are you trying to achieve? Depending on the device you're + trying to squeeze Linux onto I'd imagine you might be able to shunt + most of it off into (FLASH) ROM. + - [45]doynax + Jan 14, 2015 at 11:37 + * @doynax: i am trying to port linux on an embedded device with + limited RAM. The flash is read-only. + - [46]manav m-n + Jan 14, 2015 at 12:00 + * 1 + Your question is too vague. Many Linux kernel features can be + omitted if not needed, and consequently reduce the memory + footprint. The types of daemons required and the applications will + also dictate memory requirements. The processor architecture and + instruction set impact memory requirements (e.g. for ARM the kernel + can be compiled in Thumb mode, 16-bit, instructions to reduce + kernel size). + - [47]sawdust + Jan 14, 2015 at 18:51 + * Not only is it rather subjective; it is also temporal. The values + will change over time; no one will care about 3.18 eventually. + Also, a minimal configuration may not do what you want. <1MB is + definitely possible with some Linux versions and configurations. + For instance, you can remove procfs and/or sysfs, but most Linux + user space programs may not work. Minimal might be no network, no + sound, no mm, only initramfs and a console driver (maybe). + - [48]artless noise + Jan 15, 2015 at 20:13 + * QEMU + buildroot 2017.02 x86_64 goes down to about 32MiB. Likely + anything smaller will require patches / be insane. + - [49]Ciro Santilli OurBigBook.com + Jun 11, 2017 at 14:42 + + [50]Add a comment | + +3 Answers 3 + + Sorted by: [51]Reset to default + [Highest score (default)___________] + (BUTTON) + 13 + (BUTTON) (BUTTON) + + It's possible to shrink it down to ~600 KiB. Check the work done by Tom + Zanussi from Intel. [52]Presentation from Tom and [53]Wiki page about + the topic. + + UPDATE. Tom published interesting [54]statistics about memory use by + different subsystems in the kernel. He did research during that time + when he was working on the project. + + Yet another interesting project is [55]Gray486linux. + [56]Share + [57]Improve this answer + (BUTTON) Follow + [58]edited Jan 16, 2023 at 13:31 + answered Jan 14, 2015 at 18:58 + 0andriy's user avatar + [59]0andriy0andriy + 4,31622 gold badges2424 silver badges3838 bronze badges + 4 + * 1 + I cannot see in either of those links anything to suggest 600KiB. + Can you be more specific? Is that kernel image size of run-time RAM + footprint? [60]This presentation shows stages to decreasing a + distribution each increasingly smaller down to 1.6Mb, but at which + point it is probably so crippled that it hardly becomes worth it - + so it boots then what can you do with it!? + - [61]Clifford + Jan 14, 2015 at 21:36 + * 1.6M is a RAM size of the system, besides kernel you have to have + RAM for other stuff, like init and / or shell. So, 600KiB is a RAM + footprint of the kernel. But be aware that some stuff you have to + compile in into user space programs like TCP/IP, IIRC. + - [62]0andriy + Jan 15, 2015 at 17:32 + * [63]Linux on 8-bit uC + - [64]manav m-n + Jan 19, 2015 at 7:40 + * 1 + @Manav, yes, I know that one, but it doesn't sound like a + production-ready solution :-) + - [65]0andriy + Jan 19, 2015 at 8:34 + + [66]Add a comment | + (BUTTON) + 4 + (BUTTON) (BUTTON) + + [67]This site suggests: + + A minimal uClinux configuration could be run from 4MB RAM, although + the recommendation we are giving to our customers is that they + should design in at least 16 MB's worth of RAM. + + If you are using SDRAM, the problem would be getting a part any smaller + than 16Mb at reasonable volume cost and availability, so maybe it is a + non-problem? For SRAM however, that is a large and relatively expensive + part. + + eLinux.org has a [68]lot of information on embedded kernel size, how to + determine it, and how to minimise it. + [69]Share + [70]Improve this answer + (BUTTON) Follow + answered Jan 14, 2015 at 21:21 + Clifford's user avatar + [71]CliffordClifford + 90.1k1313 gold badges8888 silver badges165165 bronze badges + 1 + * From the above provided link: The size of a bootable uClinux image, + with integrated initramfs, worthy of the functionality capable of + running from 16 MB of RAM would be in the 2-3 MB ballpark. What is + the size of the uClinux kernel when it is uncompressed? + - [72]manav m-n + Jan 15, 2015 at 6:46 + + [73]Add a comment | + (BUTTON) + 2 + (BUTTON) (BUTTON) + + It depends how you define Linux. If you ask for current operating + systems then we are talking about way above 100MByte, better 1000MByte + of memory. + + If we are talking about "Linux from Scratch" then we are also talking + about how much pain you are willing to suffer. In the mid-1990 I build + a Linux system by compiling every binary myself and made it run on a + 386sx16, 1,5MByte of memory. While it had a 40MByte harddrive it was + mostly empty. I compiled my own Kernel 1.0.9, my own libc5, my own base + tools, SVGAlib. That system was somewhat useable for using textmode and + SVGAlib applications. Increasing the memory to 2MByte did help a lot. + And believe me, the system was extremely bare. Today all components + need at least twice the memory but then there is also ulibc instead of + libc and busybox. + + At 8MByte of memory I can create a very basic system today from + scratch. At 512MByte of memory you might have a somewhat modern looking + but slow desktop system. + [74]Share + [75]Improve this answer + (BUTTON) Follow + answered Jun 26, 2021 at 19:57 + Crass Spektakel's user avatar + [76]Crass SpektakelCrass Spektakel + 3111 bronze badge + + [77]Add a comment | + +Your Answer + + Reminder: Answers generated by artificial intelligence tools are not + allowed on Stack Overflow. 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