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Recommended

     * [javascript]
       [202]IO Digital Sec
       1 year ago

2009-11-01

Tiny, self-contained C compiler using TCC + uClibc

   This post presents how I played with a small C compiler and a small
   libc on Linux. I've combined TCC (the [203]Tiny C Compiler) 0.9.25 and
   [204]uClibc 0.9.26, compressed with [205]UPX 3.03 to a tiny,
   self-contained C compiler for Linux i386. You don't need any external
   files (apart from the compiler executable) to compile (or interpret) C
   code, and the compiled executable will be self-contained as well.

   Here is how to download and use it for compilation on a Linux x86 or
   x86_64 system:
$ uname
Linux
$ wget -O pts-tcc https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pts/pts-tcc/master/pts-tcc-0
.9.26-uclibc-0.9.30.1
$ chmod +x pts-tcc
$ ls -l pts-tcc
-rwxrwxr-- 1 pts pts 349640 Nov  1 13:07 pts-tcc
$ wget -O example1.c https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pts/pts-tcc/master/pts-tc
c/example1.c
$ cat example1.c
#! ./pts-tcc -run
int printf(char const*fmt, ...);
double sqrt(double x);
int main() {
  printf("Hello, World!\n");
  return sqrt(36) * 7;
}
$ ./pts-tcc example1.c
$ file a.out
a.out: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), statically link
ed, not stripped
$ ls -l a.out
-rwxrwxr-x 1 pts pts 17124 Nov  1 13:17 a.out
$ ./a.out; echo "$?"
Hello, World!
42
$ strace -e open ./pts-tcc example1.c
open("/proc/self/mem", O_RDONLY)        = 3
open("/proc/self/mem", O_RDONLY)        = 3
open("example1.c", O_RDONLY)            = 3
open("/proc/self/mem", O_RDONLY)        = 3
open("/proc/self/mem", O_RDONLY)        = 3
open("a.out", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0777) = 3
$ strace ./a.out
execve("./a.out", ["./a.out"], [/* 47 vars */]) = 0
ioctl(0, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
ioctl(1, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
write(1, "Hello, World!\n", 14Hello, World!
)         = 14
_exit(42)                               = ?

   As you can see above, my version the compiler is less than 250k in
   size, and it doesn't need any library files (such as libc.so) for
   compilation (as indicated by the strace output above), and the compiled
   binary doesn't need library files either.

   TCC can run the C program without creating any binaries:
$ rm -f a.out
$ ./pts-tcc -run example1.c; echo "$?"
Hello, World!
42
$ head -1 example1.c
#! ./pts-tcc -run
$ chmod +x example1.c
$ ./example1.c; echo "$?"
Hello, World!

   TCC is a very fast compiler (see the speed comparisons on it web site),
   it is versatile (it can compile the Linux kernel), but it doesn't
   optimize much: the code it produces is usually larger and slower than
   the output of a traditional, optimizing C compiler such as gcc -O2.

   The shell script [206]pts-tcc-0.9.26-compile.sh builds TCC from source,
   adding uClibc, and compressing with UPX.

Update: TCC 0.9.25 and uClibc 0.9.29 (or older)

   Please note that TCC 0.9.25 is buggy, don't use it!
$ wget -O pts-tcc https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pts/pts-tcc/master/pts-tcc/p
ts-tcc-0.9.25
$ chmod +x pts-tcc
$ ls -l pts-tcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 pts eng 241728 Apr  8 16:53 pts-tcc

Update: TCC 0.9.25 and uClibc 0.9.30.1

   Please note that TCC 0.9.25 is buggy, don't use it!
$ wget -O pts-tcc https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pts/pts-tcc/master/pts-tcc-0
.9.25-uclibc-0.9.30.1
$ chmod +x pts-tcc
$ ls -l pts-tcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 pts eng 336756 Apr  8 16:53 pts-tcc

Update: TCC 0.9.26 and uClibc 0.9.30.1

$ wget -O pts-tcc https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pts/pts-tcc/master/pts-tcc-0
.9.26-uclibc-0.9.30.1
$ chmod +x pts-tcc
$ ls -l pts-tcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 pts eng 349640 Apr  8 16:53 pts-tcc

   Posted by pts at [207]13:06

6 comments:

   [208]Porcupine Saul said...
          This looks like a cool tool, man. Thanks for sticking it out
          there.

          [209]April 2, 2010 at 4:03:00PM GMT+2 [210][icon_delete13.gif]

   [211]Biff said...
          I tried unsuccessfully to get this working on a build of
          OpenWrt. Not sure what I've done wrong. It would be nice to
          understand what configuration I need to do to transfer the
          resultant tcc exe to an embedded system and make it work.
          See here for the error.
          https://forum.openwrt.org/viewtopic.php?id=26000

          [212]August 6, 2010 at 12:29:00PM GMT+2 [213][icon_delete13.gif]

   [214]Unknown said...
          I really really want to get this working, and I have tried many
          different things, however I cannot seem to replicate the setup
          you have.
          When I use your wrapper, I get the following:
          + echo 'int printf(char*fmt,...);main(){return
          1>printf("he110\n");}'
          + ./i386-uclibc-gcc -static -o test test.c
          + ./test
          + grep -l he110 test.out
          test.out
          + ./i386-uclibc-gcc -o test test.c
          /usr/bin/ld: cannot find /lib//libc.so.0
          /usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib//uclibc_nonshared.a
          /usr/bin/ld: cannot find /lib//ld-uClibc.so.0
          collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
          It seems to work statically, however I have something wrong with
          ld, (the double slashes) and I cannot seem to find where in the
          script or wrapper (or the proper environment variable) that can
          fix this. I should note that I have also build the uclibc
          toolchain using buildroot, and have it stored in
          /usr/local/uclibc, but I cannot seem to get the uclibc ld to run
          instead of the (/usr/bin/ld) one.
          Furthermore, by using my compiler instead of the wrapper, I am
          able to compile pts-tcc and it displays its help output, however
          when trying to use it to compile I get:
          user@ubuntu:~/Downloads/Tcc$ ./pts-tcc test.c
          tcc: undefined symbol '__uClibc_main'
          tcc: undefined symbol 'printf'
          So if you could please give a little more details as to how to
          set up your environment, and where things need to be located, I
          would appreciate it.
          Also, if you could tell me what is going on with this perl line:
          for F in tcclibc.a "$UCLIBC_USR"/lib/{crt1.o,crti.o,crtn.o}; do
          G="${F##*/}"
          export NAME="data_${G%.*}"
          perl -e '$_=join("",); my$L=length;
          s@([^-+/\w])@sprintf"\\%03o",ord$1@ge; print".globl
          $ENV{NAME}\n.section .data\n.align 4\n.size
          $ENV{NAME},$L\n$ENV{NAME}:\n.string \"$_\\001\"\n"' <"$F"
          done >tcc-0.9.25/libcdata.s
          Thank you so much, I would really like to get this working.
          (On a side note, would there be an binary copy already lying
          around, for the i386 architecture?)

          [215]October 29, 2010 at 5:33:00AM GMT+2
          [216][icon_delete13.gif]

   [217]Unknown said...
          Oops, found the binary, and it works great. I just cannot figure
          out how you did it.

          [218]October 29, 2010 at 5:42:00AM GMT+2
          [219][icon_delete13.gif]

   [220]Darren said...
          I -_love_ this - it's solved a big problem for me - trouble is I
          just found a bug in tcc*.25, that's fixed in '26. I went to try
          to modify your build script, but I don't have all the right
          versions of things... any chance of an update?
          (thx)
          Darren

          [221]April 7, 2013 at 1:00:00PM GMT+2 [222][icon_delete13.gif]

   [223]pts said...
          @Darren: I've updated pts-tcc so a version using TCC 0.9.26 is
          available. Please see it in the updated blog post.

          [224]April 8, 2013 at 5:04:00PM GMT+2 [225][icon_delete13.gif]

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